Impilo yesayensi: imvelo yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu

Ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ezungezile ngezinto zemvelo kungase kubangele umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nempahla, ngisho nokuqubuka kwezifo. Kodwa-ke, ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ezungezile ngezinto zemvelo kuvame ukuba nezici zesifunda ezisobala, futhi imvamisa yokwenzeka iphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Izici zabantu ezinjengokungcoliswa kwemvelo zilimaza kakhulu i-ecosystem yomuntu. Kungabangela izilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zezehlakalo ezinobuthi ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona, kwandise izehlakalo zomdlavuza kubantu, futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni nempilo yezizukulwane ezizayo. Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo akunayo imingcele kazwelonke yokucekela phansi imvelo. Akuthinti izwe lalo kuphela, kodwa futhi kungase kube nomthelela endaweni ezungezile yemvelo yomhlaba wonke.

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1. Izindaba ezishisayo mayelana nokungcoliswa kwemvelo

(1) Ukungcoliswa komoya

1. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nempilo yabantu

Ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu kuye kwandisa izehlakalo zezifo ezithile ezisakazwa amagciwane ezinto eziphilayo nezivamile ezindaweni ezishisayo, njengomalaleveva, udenga, imvula ephuzi eshisayo, i-vermicelli, i-encephalitis yaseJapane, isimungumungwane, njll. usethuthele ezindaweni ezibandayo. Isandiso.

2. Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone kanye nempilo yabantu

Indima yongqimba lwe-ozone: amangqamuzana omoya-mpilo akhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla, ikakhulukazi imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafushane ukuze akhiqize i-ozone. Ngokuphambene, i-ozone ingakwazi ukumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet enobude obungaphansi kwama-nanometer angu-340, futhi ibolise i-ozone ibe ama-athomu omoya-mpilo namangqamuzana omoya-mpilo, ukuze i-ozone ongqimbeni lwe-ozone ihlale ilondoloza ukulinganisela okunamandla. Ungqimba lwe-ozone lungamunca iningi lemisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafushane eyingozi emisebeni yelanga futhi ithinte ukuphila nokuphila komuntu. Ngokocwaningo, kukho konke ukuncishiswa kwe-O3 ngo-1% ongqimbeni lwe-ozone, izehlakalo ze-squamous cell carcinoma kubantu zingakhula ngo-2% ziye ku-3%, kanti iziguli ezinomdlavuza wesikhumba somuntu nazo zizokhuphuka ngo-2%. Inkomba yokugula yezifo zokuphefumula kanye nokuvuvukala kwamehlo kuzokwanda kubantu ezindaweni ezingcolile. Njengoba isisekelo se-DNA yezakhi zofuzo zazo zonke izinto eziphilayo sisengozini emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, ukucekelwa phansi kongqimba lwe-ozone kuzothinta kakhulu ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwezilwane nezitshalo.

3. Ukungcola kwe-nitrogen oxide kanye nempilo yabantu

I-nitric oxide, i-nitrogen dioxide namanye ama-nitrogen oxide yizinto ezivamile ezingcolisa umoya, ezingashukumisa izitho zokuphefumula, zibangele ubuthi obunzima nobungapheli, futhi zibe nomthelela futhi zibeke engozini impilo yomuntu.

4. Ukungcoliswa kweSulfur dioxide kanye nempilo yabantu

Ukulimala kwe-sulphur dioxide emzimbeni womuntu yilokhu:

(1) Ukucasula umgudu wokuphefumula. I-Sulfur dioxide incibilika kalula emanzini. Lapho idlula emgodini wamakhala, uqhoqhoqho, kanye ne-bronchi, imuncwa kakhulu futhi igcinwe ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwelume, iphenduke i-sulfurous acid, i-sulfuric acid ne-sulfate, okuthuthukisa umphumela ovuselelayo.

(2) Ubuthi obuhlanganisiwe be-sulphur dioxide kanye ne-particle emisiwe. I-Sulfur dioxide kanye ne-particle emisiwe ingena emzimbeni womuntu ndawonye. Izinhlayiya ze-aerosol zingathwala i-sulphur dioxide ziye emaphashini ajulile, zikhulise ubuthi izikhathi ezingu-3-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ziqukethe izingxenye zensimbi ezifana ne-iron trioxide, ingakwazi ukuvuselela i-oxidation ye-sulfur dioxide ibe yinkungu ye-asidi, ekhangiswa ebusweni bezinhlayiya futhi ifakwe endaweni ejulile yendlela yokuphefumula. Umphumela ovuselelayo wenkungu ye-sulfuric acid unamandla izikhathi eziphindwe ka-10 kune-sulfur dioxide.

(3) Umthelela okhuthaza umdlavuza we-sulphur dioxide. Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kubonise ukuthi i-10 mg/m3 ye-sulphur dioxide ingathuthukisa imiphumela ye-carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (Benzo(a)pyrene; 3,4-Benzypyrene). Ngaphansi komphumela ohlanganisiwe we-sulphur dioxide ne-benzo[a]pyrene, izehlakalo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu esilwane ziphakeme kunezomdlavuza owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-sulphur dioxide ingena emzimbeni womuntu, amavithamini asegazini azohlanganiswa nayo, okubangela ukungalingani kwe-vitamin C emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte umzimba. I-Sulfur dioxide ingaphinda ivimbele futhi ibhubhise noma ivule umsebenzi wama-enzyme athile, ibangele ukuphazamiseka kumetabolism kashukela namaprotheni, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte ukukhula nokuthuthuka komzimba.

5. Ukungcoliswa kwe-carbon monoxide nempilo yabantu

I-carbon monoxide engena emzimbeni womuntu ngomoya ingahlanganiswa ne-hemoglobin (Hb) egazini ngemva kokungena ekujikelezeni kwegazi nge-alveoli. Ukuhlobana kwe-carbon monoxide ne-hemoglobin kukhulu ngokuphindwe ka-200-300 kunomoya-mpilo ne-hemoglobin. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-carbon monoxide ihlasela umzimba, izohlanganisa ngokushesha i-carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) ne-hemoglobin, ivimbele ukuhlanganiswa komoyampilo ne-hemoglobin ukuze kwakhiwe i-oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). ), okwenza i-hypoxia yakhe ubuthi be-carbon monoxide. Lapho ehogela i-carbon monoxide ene-concentration engu-0.5%, inqobo nje uma imizuzu engama-20-30, umuntu onoshevu uyoba ne-pulse ebuthakathaka, ukuphefumula kancane, futhi ekugcineni aphelelwe amandla aze afe. Lolu hlobo lobuthi obuyingozi be-carbon monoxide luvame ukwenzeka ezingozini zaseshabhu kanye nokushisisa kwekhaya ngokungazi.

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2. Ukungcoliswa kwamakamelo nempilo yabantu

1. Ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziyingozi eziqukethwe ezintweni zokuhlobisa izakhiwo: izinto zokwakha ezintsha zokhuni ezihlukahlukene njenge-plywood, upende, okokunamathela, izinto zokunamathisela, njll. zizoqhubeka zikhipha i-formaldehyde. I-Formaldehyde iyi-cytoplasmic toxicant, ekwazi ukumuncwa ngokuphefumula, umgudu wokugaya ukudla kanye nesikhumba. Inomphumela onamandla ovuselelayo esikhumbeni, ingabangela ukuhlangana kanye necrosis yamaprotheni ezicubu, inomphumela ovimbelayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, futhi iphinde ibe yi-carcinogen yamaphaphu. Izinyibilikisi ezihlukahlukene nezinamatheliso ezisetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni zingabangela ukungcoliswa kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo njenge-benzene, i-toluene, i-xylene, ne-trichlorethylene.

2. Ukungcoliswa kwekhishi: Uma uphekwa futhi ushisa, izibaseli ezihlukahlukene azishiswa ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesimo sokungatholakali kwe-oxygen eyanele, futhi inani elikhulu lama-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons akhiqizwa. Ama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi kancane kancane enza i-polymerize noma ajikeleze ku-400℃~800, kanye ne-benzo ekhiqiziwe[α] I-Pyrene iyi-carcinogen enamandla. Phakathi nenqubo yokupheka, amafutha okupheka abola ekushiseni okuphezulu kwama-270, futhi intuthu yayo iqukethe ama-polycyclic anuka kamnandi njenge-benzo[α]pyrene kanye nebenzanthracene. Amafutha okupheka, kanye nokudla okufana nenhlanzi nenyama, angakhiqiza ama-hydrocarbon emazingeni aphezulu okushisa. , Aldehydes, carboxylic acids, heterocyclic amines kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezinto, ubuthi bazo bofuzo bukhulu kakhulu kune-benzo[α]i-pyrene.

3. I-Hydrogen sulfide ne-methyl mercaptan ekhishwa ezindlini zangasese nasezindleleni zendle nakho kungabangela ukusabela koshevu okungapheli.

4. Ukungcoliswa kwezimonyo, amakhemikhali ansuku zonke nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

5. Ukungcola “kwenkungu ye-elekthronikhi”: Iziphephetha-moya, ama-TV anemibala, amakhompuyutha, iziqandisi, amakhophi, omakhalekhukhwini, ama-walkie-talkies neminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ikhiqiza amaza kagesi-”inkungu kagesi” ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. “Inkungu ye-elekthronikhi” ingabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukukhathala, ukwethuka, ukulala okungaphumuli, futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwezingane.

 


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-15-2021